liveMedia/RTCP.cpp

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/**********
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version. (See <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html>.)

This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for
more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301  USA
**********/
// "liveMedia"
// Copyright (c) 1996-2013 Live Networks, Inc.  All rights reserved.
// RTCP
// Implementation

#include "RTCP.hh"
#include "GroupsockHelper.hh"
#include "rtcp_from_spec.h"


class RTCPMemberDatabase {
public:
  RTCPMemberDatabase(RTCPInstance& ourRTCPInstance)
    : fOurRTCPInstance(ourRTCPInstance), fNumMembers(1 /*ourself*/),
      fTable(HashTable::create(ONE_WORD_HASH_KEYS)) {
  }

  virtual ~RTCPMemberDatabase() {
        delete fTable;
  }

  Boolean isMember(unsigned ssrc) const {
    return fTable->Lookup((char*)(long)ssrc) != NULL;
  }

  Boolean noteMembership(unsigned ssrc, unsigned curTimeCount) {
    Boolean isNew = !isMember(ssrc);

    if (isNew) {
      ++fNumMembers;
    }

    // Record the current time, so we can age stale members
    fTable->Add((char*)(long)ssrc, (void*)(long)curTimeCount);

    return isNew;
  }

  Boolean remove(unsigned ssrc) {
    Boolean wasPresent = fTable->Remove((char*)(long)ssrc);
    if (wasPresent) {
      --fNumMembers;
    }
    return wasPresent;
  }

  unsigned numMembers() const {
    return fNumMembers;
  }

  void reapOldMembers(unsigned threshold);

private:
  RTCPInstance& fOurRTCPInstance;
  unsigned fNumMembers;
  HashTable* fTable;
};

void RTCPMemberDatabase::reapOldMembers(unsigned threshold) {
  Boolean foundOldMember;
  u_int32_t oldSSRC = 0;

  do {
    foundOldMember = False;

    HashTable::Iterator* iter
      = HashTable::Iterator::create(*fTable);
    uintptr_t timeCount;
    char const* key;
    while ((timeCount = (uintptr_t)(iter->next(key))) != 0) {
#ifdef DEBUG
      fprintf(stderr, "reap: checking SSRC 0x%lx: %ld (threshold %d)\n", (unsigned long)key, timeCount, threshold);
#endif
      if (timeCount < (uintptr_t)threshold) { // this SSRC is old
        uintptr_t ssrc = (uintptr_t)key;
        oldSSRC = (u_int32_t)ssrc;
        foundOldMember = True;
      }
    }
    delete iter;

    if (foundOldMember) {
#ifdef DEBUG
        fprintf(stderr, "reap: removing SSRC 0x%x\n", oldSSRC);
#endif
      fOurRTCPInstance.removeSSRC(oldSSRC, True);
    }
  } while (foundOldMember);
}



static double dTimeNow() {
    struct timeval timeNow;
    gettimeofday(&timeNow, NULL);
    return (double) (timeNow.tv_sec + timeNow.tv_usec/1000000.0);
}

static unsigned const maxRTCPPacketSize = 1450;
        // bytes (1500, minus some allowance for IP, UDP, UMTP headers)
static unsigned const preferredPacketSize = 1000; // bytes

RTCPInstance::RTCPInstance(UsageEnvironment& env, Groupsock* RTCPgs,
                           unsigned totSessionBW,
                           unsigned char const* cname,
                           RTPSink* sink, RTPSource const* source,
                           Boolean isSSMSource)
  : Medium(env), fRTCPInterface(this, RTCPgs), fTotSessionBW(totSessionBW),
    fSink(sink), fSource(source), fIsSSMSource(isSSMSource),
    fCNAME(RTCP_SDES_CNAME, cname), fOutgoingReportCount(1),
    fAveRTCPSize(0), fIsInitial(1), fPrevNumMembers(0),
    fLastSentSize(0), fLastReceivedSize(0), fLastReceivedSSRC(0),
    fTypeOfEvent(EVENT_UNKNOWN), fTypeOfPacket(PACKET_UNKNOWN_TYPE),
    fHaveJustSentPacket(False), fLastPacketSentSize(0),
    fByeHandlerTask(NULL), fByeHandlerClientData(NULL),
    fSRHandlerTask(NULL), fSRHandlerClientData(NULL),
    fRRHandlerTask(NULL), fRRHandlerClientData(NULL),
    fSpecificRRHandlerTable(NULL) {
#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr, "RTCPInstance[%p]::RTCPInstance()\n", this);
#endif
  if (fTotSessionBW == 0) { // not allowed!
    env << "RTCPInstance::RTCPInstance error: totSessionBW parameter should not be zero!\n";
    fTotSessionBW = 1;
  }

  if (isSSMSource) RTCPgs->multicastSendOnly(); // don't receive multicast

  double timeNow = dTimeNow();
  fPrevReportTime = fNextReportTime = timeNow;

  fKnownMembers = new RTCPMemberDatabase(*this);
  fInBuf = new unsigned char[maxRTCPPacketSize];
  if (fKnownMembers == NULL || fInBuf == NULL) return;
  fNumBytesAlreadyRead = 0;

  // A hack to save buffer space, because RTCP packets are always small:
  unsigned savedMaxSize = OutPacketBuffer::maxSize;
  OutPacketBuffer::maxSize = maxRTCPPacketSize;
  fOutBuf = new OutPacketBuffer(preferredPacketSize, maxRTCPPacketSize);
  OutPacketBuffer::maxSize = savedMaxSize;
  if (fOutBuf == NULL) return;

  // Arrange to handle incoming reports from others:
  TaskScheduler::BackgroundHandlerProc* handler
    = (TaskScheduler::BackgroundHandlerProc*)&incomingReportHandler;
  fRTCPInterface.startNetworkReading(handler);

  // Send our first report.
  fTypeOfEvent = EVENT_REPORT;
  onExpire(this);
}

struct RRHandlerRecord {
  TaskFunc* rrHandlerTask;
  void* rrHandlerClientData;
};

RTCPInstance::~RTCPInstance() {
#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr, "RTCPInstance[%p]::~RTCPInstance()\n", this);
#endif
  // Turn off background read handling:
  fRTCPInterface.stopNetworkReading();

  // Begin by sending a BYE.  We have to do this immediately, without
  // 'reconsideration', because "this" is going away.
  fTypeOfEvent = EVENT_BYE; // not used, but...
  sendBYE();

  if (fSpecificRRHandlerTable != NULL) {
    AddressPortLookupTable::Iterator iter(*fSpecificRRHandlerTable);
    RRHandlerRecord* rrHandler;
    while ((rrHandler = (RRHandlerRecord*)iter.next()) != NULL) {
      delete rrHandler;
    }
    delete fSpecificRRHandlerTable;
  }

  delete fKnownMembers;
  delete fOutBuf;
  delete[] fInBuf;
}

RTCPInstance* RTCPInstance::createNew(UsageEnvironment& env, Groupsock* RTCPgs,
                                      unsigned totSessionBW,
                                      unsigned char const* cname,
                                      RTPSink* sink, RTPSource const* source,
                                      Boolean isSSMSource) {
  return new RTCPInstance(env, RTCPgs, totSessionBW, cname, sink, source,
                          isSSMSource);
}

Boolean RTCPInstance::lookupByName(UsageEnvironment& env,
                                   char const* instanceName,
                                   RTCPInstance*& resultInstance) {
  resultInstance = NULL; // unless we succeed

  Medium* medium;
  if (!Medium::lookupByName(env, instanceName, medium)) return False;

  if (!medium->isRTCPInstance()) {
    env.setResultMsg(instanceName, " is not a RTCP instance");
    return False;
  }

  resultInstance = (RTCPInstance*)medium;
  return True;
}

Boolean RTCPInstance::isRTCPInstance() const {
  return True;
}

unsigned RTCPInstance::numMembers() const {
  if (fKnownMembers == NULL) return 0;

  return fKnownMembers->numMembers();
}

void RTCPInstance::setByeHandler(TaskFunc* handlerTask, void* clientData,
                                 Boolean handleActiveParticipantsOnly) {
  fByeHandlerTask = handlerTask;
  fByeHandlerClientData = clientData;
  fByeHandleActiveParticipantsOnly = handleActiveParticipantsOnly;
}

void RTCPInstance::setSRHandler(TaskFunc* handlerTask, void* clientData) {
  fSRHandlerTask = handlerTask;
  fSRHandlerClientData = clientData;
}

void RTCPInstance::setRRHandler(TaskFunc* handlerTask, void* clientData) {
  fRRHandlerTask = handlerTask;
  fRRHandlerClientData = clientData;
}

void RTCPInstance
::setSpecificRRHandler(netAddressBits fromAddress, Port fromPort,
                       TaskFunc* handlerTask, void* clientData) {
  if (handlerTask == NULL && clientData == NULL) {
    unsetSpecificRRHandler(fromAddress, fromPort);
    return;
  }

  RRHandlerRecord* rrHandler = new RRHandlerRecord;
  rrHandler->rrHandlerTask = handlerTask;
  rrHandler->rrHandlerClientData = clientData;
  if (fSpecificRRHandlerTable == NULL) {
    fSpecificRRHandlerTable = new AddressPortLookupTable;
  }
  fSpecificRRHandlerTable->Add(fromAddress, (~0), fromPort, rrHandler);
}

void RTCPInstance
::unsetSpecificRRHandler(netAddressBits fromAddress, Port fromPort) {
  if (fSpecificRRHandlerTable == NULL) return;

  RRHandlerRecord* rrHandler
    = (RRHandlerRecord*)(fSpecificRRHandlerTable->Lookup(fromAddress, (~0), fromPort));
  if (rrHandler != NULL) {
    fSpecificRRHandlerTable->Remove(fromAddress, (~0), fromPort);
    delete rrHandler;
  }
}

void RTCPInstance::setStreamSocket(int sockNum,
                                   unsigned char streamChannelId) {
  // Turn off background read handling:
  fRTCPInterface.stopNetworkReading();

  // Switch to RTCP-over-TCP:
  fRTCPInterface.setStreamSocket(sockNum, streamChannelId);

  // Turn background reading back on:
  TaskScheduler::BackgroundHandlerProc* handler
    = (TaskScheduler::BackgroundHandlerProc*)&incomingReportHandler;
  fRTCPInterface.startNetworkReading(handler);
}

void RTCPInstance::addStreamSocket(int sockNum,
                                   unsigned char streamChannelId) {
  // First, turn off background read handling for the default (UDP) socket:
  envir().taskScheduler().turnOffBackgroundReadHandling(fRTCPInterface.gs()->socketNum());

  // Add the RTCP-over-TCP interface:
  fRTCPInterface.addStreamSocket(sockNum, streamChannelId);

  // Turn on background reading for this socket (in case it's not on already):
  TaskScheduler::BackgroundHandlerProc* handler
    = (TaskScheduler::BackgroundHandlerProc*)&incomingReportHandler;
  fRTCPInterface.startNetworkReading(handler);
}

static unsigned const IP_UDP_HDR_SIZE = 28;
    // overhead (bytes) of IP and UDP hdrs

#define ADVANCE(n) pkt += (n); packetSize -= (n)

void RTCPInstance::incomingReportHandler(RTCPInstance* instance,
                                         int /*mask*/) {
  instance->incomingReportHandler1();
}

void RTCPInstance::incomingReportHandler1() {
  do {
    Boolean callByeHandler = False;
    int tcpReadStreamSocketNum = fRTCPInterface.nextTCPReadStreamSocketNum();
    unsigned char tcpReadStreamChannelId = fRTCPInterface.nextTCPReadStreamChannelId();
    unsigned packetSize = 0;
    unsigned numBytesRead;
    struct sockaddr_in fromAddress;
    Boolean packetReadWasIncomplete;
    if (fNumBytesAlreadyRead >= maxRTCPPacketSize) {
      envir() << "RTCPInstance error: Hit limit when reading incoming packet over TCP. Increase \"maxRTCPPacketSize\"\n";
      break;
    }
    Boolean readResult
      = fRTCPInterface.handleRead(&fInBuf[fNumBytesAlreadyRead], maxRTCPPacketSize - fNumBytesAlreadyRead,
                                  numBytesRead, fromAddress, packetReadWasIncomplete);
    if (packetReadWasIncomplete) {
      fNumBytesAlreadyRead += numBytesRead;
      return; // more reads are needed to get the entire packet
    } else { // normal case: We've read the entire packet 
      packetSize = fNumBytesAlreadyRead + numBytesRead;
      fNumBytesAlreadyRead = 0; // for next time
    }
    if (!readResult) break;

    // Ignore the packet if it was looped-back from ourself:
    Boolean packetWasFromOurHost = False;
    if (RTCPgs()->wasLoopedBackFromUs(envir(), fromAddress)) {
      packetWasFromOurHost = True;
      // However, we still want to handle incoming RTCP packets from
      // *other processes* on the same machine.  To distinguish this
      // case from a true loop-back, check whether we've just sent a
      // packet of the same size.  (This check isn't perfect, but it seems
      // to be the best we can do.)
      if (fHaveJustSentPacket && fLastPacketSentSize == packetSize) {
        // This is a true loop-back:
        fHaveJustSentPacket = False;
        break; // ignore this packet
      }
    }

    unsigned char* pkt = fInBuf;
    if (fIsSSMSource && !packetWasFromOurHost) {
      // This packet is assumed to have been received via unicast (because we're a SSM source, and SSM receivers send back RTCP "RR"
      // packets via unicast).  'Reflect' the packet by resending it to the multicast group, so that any other receivers can also
      // get to see it.

      // NOTE: Denial-of-service attacks are possible here.
      // Users of this software may wish to add their own,
      // application-specific mechanism for 'authenticating' the
      // validity of this packet before reflecting it.

      // NOTE: The test for "!packetWasFromOurHost" means that we won't reflect RTCP packets that come from other processes on
      // the same host as us.  The reason for this is that the 'packet size' test above is not 100% reliable; some packets
      // that were truly looped back from us might not be detected as such, and this might lead to infinite forwarding/receiving
      // of some packets.  To avoid this possibility, we only reflect RTCP packets that we know for sure originated elsewhere.
      // (Note, though, that if we ever re-enable the code in "Groupsock::multicastSendOnly()", then we could remove the test for
      // "!packetWasFromOurHost".)
      fRTCPInterface.sendPacket(pkt, packetSize);
      fHaveJustSentPacket = True;
      fLastPacketSentSize = packetSize;
    }

#ifdef DEBUG
    fprintf(stderr, "[%p]saw incoming RTCP packet", this);
    if (tcpReadStreamSocketNum < 0) {
      // Note that "fromAddress" is valid only if we're receiving over UDP (not over TCP):
      fprintf(stderr, " (from address %s, port %d)", AddressString(fromAddress).val(), ntohs(fromAddress.sin_port));
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    for (unsigned i = 0; i < packetSize; ++i) {
      if (i%4 == 0) fprintf(stderr, " ");
      fprintf(stderr, "%02x", pkt[i]);
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
    int totPacketSize = IP_UDP_HDR_SIZE + packetSize;

    // Check the RTCP packet for validity:
    // It must at least contain a header (4 bytes), and this header
    // must be version=2, with no padding bit, and a payload type of
    // SR (200) or RR (201):
    if (packetSize < 4) break;
    unsigned rtcpHdr = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt);
    if ((rtcpHdr & 0xE0FE0000) != (0x80000000 | (RTCP_PT_SR<<16))) {
#ifdef DEBUG
      fprintf(stderr, "rejected bad RTCP packet: header 0x%08x\n", rtcpHdr);
#endif
      break;
    }

    // Process each of the individual RTCP 'subpackets' in (what may be)
    // a compound RTCP packet.
    int typeOfPacket = PACKET_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
    unsigned reportSenderSSRC = 0;
    Boolean packetOK = False;
    while (1) {
      unsigned rc = (rtcpHdr>>24)&0x1F;
      unsigned pt = (rtcpHdr>>16)&0xFF;
      unsigned length = 4*(rtcpHdr&0xFFFF); // doesn't count hdr
      ADVANCE(4); // skip over the header
      if (length > packetSize) break;

      // Assume that each RTCP subpacket begins with a 4-byte SSRC:
      if (length < 4) break; length -= 4;
      reportSenderSSRC = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);

      Boolean subPacketOK = False;
      switch (pt) {
        case RTCP_PT_SR: {
#ifdef DEBUG
          fprintf(stderr, "SR\n");
#endif
          if (length < 20) break; length -= 20;

          // Extract the NTP timestamp, and note this:
          unsigned NTPmsw = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
          unsigned NTPlsw = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
          unsigned rtpTimestamp = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
          if (fSource != NULL) {
            RTPReceptionStatsDB& receptionStats
              = fSource->receptionStatsDB();
            receptionStats.noteIncomingSR(reportSenderSSRC,
                                          NTPmsw, NTPlsw, rtpTimestamp);
          }
          ADVANCE(8); // skip over packet count, octet count

          // If a 'SR handler' was set, call it now:
          if (fSRHandlerTask != NULL) (*fSRHandlerTask)(fSRHandlerClientData);

          // The rest of the SR is handled like a RR (so, no "break;" here)
        }
        case RTCP_PT_RR: {
#ifdef DEBUG
          fprintf(stderr, "RR\n");
#endif
          unsigned reportBlocksSize = rc*(6*4);
          if (length < reportBlocksSize) break;
          length -= reportBlocksSize;

          if (fSink != NULL) {
            // Use this information to update stats about our transmissions:
            RTPTransmissionStatsDB& transmissionStats = fSink->transmissionStatsDB();
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < rc; ++i) {
              unsigned senderSSRC = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
              // We care only about reports about our own transmission, not others'
              if (senderSSRC == fSink->SSRC()) {
                unsigned lossStats = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
                unsigned highestReceived = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
                unsigned jitter = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
                unsigned timeLastSR = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
                unsigned timeSinceLastSR = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt); ADVANCE(4);
                transmissionStats.noteIncomingRR(reportSenderSSRC, fromAddress,
                                                 lossStats,
                                                 highestReceived, jitter,
                                                 timeLastSR, timeSinceLastSR);
              } else {
                ADVANCE(4*5);
              }
            }
          } else {
            ADVANCE(reportBlocksSize);
          }

          if (pt == RTCP_PT_RR) { // i.e., we didn't fall through from 'SR'
            // If a 'RR handler' was set, call it now:

            // Specific RR handler:
            if (fSpecificRRHandlerTable != NULL) {
              netAddressBits fromAddr;
              portNumBits fromPortNum;
              if (tcpReadStreamSocketNum < 0) {
                // Normal case: We read the RTCP packet over UDP
                fromAddr = fromAddress.sin_addr.s_addr;
                fromPortNum = ntohs(fromAddress.sin_port);
              } else {
                // Special case: We read the RTCP packet over TCP (interleaved)
                // Hack: Use the TCP socket and channel id to look up the handler
                fromAddr = tcpReadStreamSocketNum;
                fromPortNum = tcpReadStreamChannelId;
              }
              Port fromPort(fromPortNum);
              RRHandlerRecord* rrHandler
                = (RRHandlerRecord*)(fSpecificRRHandlerTable->Lookup(fromAddr, (~0), fromPort));
              if (rrHandler != NULL) {
                if (rrHandler->rrHandlerTask != NULL) {
                  (*(rrHandler->rrHandlerTask))(rrHandler->rrHandlerClientData);
                }
              }
            }

            // General RR handler:
            if (fRRHandlerTask != NULL) (*fRRHandlerTask)(fRRHandlerClientData);
          }

          subPacketOK = True;
          typeOfPacket = PACKET_RTCP_REPORT;
          break;
        }
        case RTCP_PT_BYE: {
#ifdef DEBUG
          fprintf(stderr, "BYE\n");
#endif
          // If a 'BYE handler' was set, arrange for it to be called at the end of this routine.
          // (Note: We don't call it immediately, in case it happens to cause "this" to be deleted.)
          if (fByeHandlerTask != NULL
              && (!fByeHandleActiveParticipantsOnly
                  || (fSource != NULL
                      && fSource->receptionStatsDB().lookup(reportSenderSSRC) != NULL)
                  || (fSink != NULL
                      && fSink->transmissionStatsDB().lookup(reportSenderSSRC) != NULL))) {
            callByeHandler = True;
          }

          // We should really check for & handle >1 SSRCs being present #####

          subPacketOK = True;
          typeOfPacket = PACKET_BYE;
          break;
        }
        // Later handle SDES, APP, and compound RTCP packets #####
        default:
#ifdef DEBUG
          fprintf(stderr, "UNSUPPORTED TYPE(0x%x)\n", pt);
#endif
          subPacketOK = True;
          break;
      }
      if (!subPacketOK) break;

      // need to check for (& handle) SSRC collision! #####

#ifdef DEBUG
      fprintf(stderr, "validated RTCP subpacket (type %d): %d, %d, %d, 0x%08x\n", typeOfPacket, rc, pt, length, reportSenderSSRC);
#endif

      // Skip over any remaining bytes in this subpacket:
      ADVANCE(length);

      // Check whether another RTCP 'subpacket' follows:
      if (packetSize == 0) {
        packetOK = True;
        break;
      } else if (packetSize < 4) {
#ifdef DEBUG
        fprintf(stderr, "extraneous %d bytes at end of RTCP packet!\n", packetSize);
#endif
        break;
      }
      rtcpHdr = ntohl(*(u_int32_t*)pkt);
      if ((rtcpHdr & 0xC0000000) != 0x80000000) {
#ifdef DEBUG
        fprintf(stderr, "bad RTCP subpacket: header 0x%08x\n", rtcpHdr);
#endif
        break;
      }
    }

    if (!packetOK) {
#ifdef DEBUG
      fprintf(stderr, "rejected bad RTCP subpacket: header 0x%08x\n", rtcpHdr);
#endif
      break;
    } else {
#ifdef DEBUG
      fprintf(stderr, "validated entire RTCP packet\n");
#endif
    }

    onReceive(typeOfPacket, totPacketSize, reportSenderSSRC);

    // Finally, if we need to call a "BYE" handler, do so now (in case it causes "this" to get deleted):
    if (callByeHandler && fByeHandlerTask != NULL/*sanity check*/) {
      TaskFunc* byeHandler = fByeHandlerTask;
      fByeHandlerTask = NULL; // because we call the handler only once, by default
      (*byeHandler)(fByeHandlerClientData);
    }
  } while (0);
}

void RTCPInstance::onReceive(int typeOfPacket, int totPacketSize,
                             unsigned ssrc) {
  fTypeOfPacket = typeOfPacket;
  fLastReceivedSize = totPacketSize;
  fLastReceivedSSRC = ssrc;

  int members = (int)numMembers();
  int senders = (fSink != NULL) ? 1 : 0;

  OnReceive(this, // p
            this, // e
            &members, // members
            &fPrevNumMembers, // pmembers
            &senders, // senders
            &fAveRTCPSize, // avg_rtcp_size
            &fPrevReportTime, // tp
            dTimeNow(), // tc
            fNextReportTime);
}

void RTCPInstance::sendReport() {
#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr, "sending REPORT\n");
#endif
  // Begin by including a SR and/or RR report:
  if (!addReport()) return;

  // Then, include a SDES:
  addSDES();

  // Send the report:
  sendBuiltPacket();

  // Periodically clean out old members from our SSRC membership database:
  const unsigned membershipReapPeriod = 5;
  if ((++fOutgoingReportCount) % membershipReapPeriod == 0) {
    unsigned threshold = fOutgoingReportCount - membershipReapPeriod;
    fKnownMembers->reapOldMembers(threshold);
  }
}

void RTCPInstance::sendBYE() {
#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr, "sending BYE\n");
#endif
  // The packet must begin with a SR and/or RR report:
  (void)addReport(True);

  addBYE();
  sendBuiltPacket();
}

void RTCPInstance::sendBuiltPacket() {
#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr, "sending RTCP packet\n");
  unsigned char* p = fOutBuf->packet();
  for (unsigned i = 0; i < fOutBuf->curPacketSize(); ++i) {
    if (i%4 == 0) fprintf(stderr," ");
    fprintf(stderr, "%02x", p[i]);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "\n");
#endif
  unsigned reportSize = fOutBuf->curPacketSize();
  fRTCPInterface.sendPacket(fOutBuf->packet(), reportSize);
  fOutBuf->resetOffset();

  fLastSentSize = IP_UDP_HDR_SIZE + reportSize;
  fHaveJustSentPacket = True;
  fLastPacketSentSize = reportSize;
}

int RTCPInstance::checkNewSSRC() {
  return fKnownMembers->noteMembership(fLastReceivedSSRC,
                                       fOutgoingReportCount);
}

void RTCPInstance::removeLastReceivedSSRC() {
  removeSSRC(fLastReceivedSSRC, False/*keep stats around*/);
}

void RTCPInstance::removeSSRC(u_int32_t ssrc, Boolean alsoRemoveStats) {
  fKnownMembers->remove(ssrc);

  if (alsoRemoveStats) {
    // Also, remove records of this SSRC from any reception or transmission stats
    if (fSource != NULL) fSource->receptionStatsDB().removeRecord(ssrc);
    if (fSink != NULL) fSink->transmissionStatsDB().removeRecord(ssrc);
  }
}

void RTCPInstance::onExpire(RTCPInstance* instance) {
  instance->onExpire1();
}

// Member functions to build specific kinds of report:

Boolean RTCPInstance::addReport(Boolean alwaysAdd) {
  // Include a SR or a RR, depending on whether we have an associated sink or source:
  if (fSink != NULL) {
    if (!alwaysAdd) {
      if (!fSink->enableRTCPReports()) return False;

      // Hack: Don't send a SR during those (brief) times when the timestamp of the
      // next outgoing RTP packet has been preset, to ensure that that timestamp gets
      // used for that outgoing packet. (David Bertrand, 2006.07.18)
      if (fSink->nextTimestampHasBeenPreset()) return False;
    }

    addSR();
  } else if (fSource != NULL) {
    addRR();
  }

  return True;
}

void RTCPInstance::addSR() {
  // ASSERT: fSink != NULL

  enqueueCommonReportPrefix(RTCP_PT_SR, fSink->SSRC(),
                            5 /* extra words in a SR */);

  // Now, add the 'sender info' for our sink

  // Insert the NTP and RTP timestamps for the 'wallclock time':
  struct timeval timeNow;
  gettimeofday(&timeNow, NULL);
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(timeNow.tv_sec + 0x83AA7E80);
      // NTP timestamp most-significant word (1970 epoch -> 1900 epoch)
  double fractionalPart = (timeNow.tv_usec/15625.0)*0x04000000; // 2^32/10^6
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord((unsigned)(fractionalPart+0.5));
      // NTP timestamp least-significant word
  unsigned rtpTimestamp = fSink->convertToRTPTimestamp(timeNow);
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(rtpTimestamp); // RTP ts

  // Insert the packet and byte counts:
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(fSink->packetCount());
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(fSink->octetCount());

  enqueueCommonReportSuffix();
}

void RTCPInstance::addRR() {
  // ASSERT: fSource != NULL

  enqueueCommonReportPrefix(RTCP_PT_RR, fSource->SSRC());
  enqueueCommonReportSuffix();
}

void RTCPInstance::enqueueCommonReportPrefix(unsigned char packetType,
                                             unsigned SSRC,
                                             unsigned numExtraWords) {
  unsigned numReportingSources;
  if (fSource == NULL) {
    numReportingSources = 0; // we don't receive anything
  } else {
    RTPReceptionStatsDB& allReceptionStats
      = fSource->receptionStatsDB();
    numReportingSources = allReceptionStats.numActiveSourcesSinceLastReset();
    // This must be <32, to fit in 5 bits:
    if (numReportingSources >= 32) { numReportingSources = 32; }
    // Later: support adding more reports to handle >32 sources (unlikely)#####
  }

  unsigned rtcpHdr = 0x80000000; // version 2, no padding
  rtcpHdr |= (numReportingSources<<24);
  rtcpHdr |= (packetType<<16);
  rtcpHdr |= (1 + numExtraWords + 6*numReportingSources);
      // each report block is 6 32-bit words long
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(rtcpHdr);

  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(SSRC);
}

void RTCPInstance::enqueueCommonReportSuffix() {
  // Output the report blocks for each source:
  if (fSource != NULL) {
    RTPReceptionStatsDB& allReceptionStats
      = fSource->receptionStatsDB();

    RTPReceptionStatsDB::Iterator iterator(allReceptionStats);
    while (1) {
      RTPReceptionStats* receptionStats = iterator.next();
      if (receptionStats == NULL) break;
      enqueueReportBlock(receptionStats);
    }

    allReceptionStats.reset(); // because we have just generated a report
  }
}

void
RTCPInstance::enqueueReportBlock(RTPReceptionStats* stats) {
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(stats->SSRC());

  unsigned highestExtSeqNumReceived = stats->highestExtSeqNumReceived();

  unsigned totNumExpected
    = highestExtSeqNumReceived - stats->baseExtSeqNumReceived();
  int totNumLost = totNumExpected - stats->totNumPacketsReceived();
  // 'Clamp' this loss number to a 24-bit signed value:
  if (totNumLost > 0x007FFFFF) {
    totNumLost = 0x007FFFFF;
  } else if (totNumLost < 0) {
    if (totNumLost < -0x00800000) totNumLost = 0x00800000; // unlikely, but...
    totNumLost &= 0x00FFFFFF;
  }

  unsigned numExpectedSinceLastReset
    = highestExtSeqNumReceived - stats->lastResetExtSeqNumReceived();
  int numLostSinceLastReset
    = numExpectedSinceLastReset - stats->numPacketsReceivedSinceLastReset();
  unsigned char lossFraction;
  if (numExpectedSinceLastReset == 0 || numLostSinceLastReset < 0) {
    lossFraction = 0;
  } else {
    lossFraction = (unsigned char)
      ((numLostSinceLastReset << 8) / numExpectedSinceLastReset);
  }

  fOutBuf->enqueueWord((lossFraction<<24) | totNumLost);
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(highestExtSeqNumReceived);

  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(stats->jitter());

  unsigned NTPmsw = stats->lastReceivedSR_NTPmsw();
  unsigned NTPlsw = stats->lastReceivedSR_NTPlsw();
  unsigned LSR = ((NTPmsw&0xFFFF)<<16)|(NTPlsw>>16); // middle 32 bits
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(LSR);

  // Figure out how long has elapsed since the last SR rcvd from this src:
  struct timeval const& LSRtime = stats->lastReceivedSR_time(); // "last SR"
  struct timeval timeNow, timeSinceLSR;
  gettimeofday(&timeNow, NULL);
  if (timeNow.tv_usec < LSRtime.tv_usec) {
    timeNow.tv_usec += 1000000;
    timeNow.tv_sec -= 1;
  }
  timeSinceLSR.tv_sec = timeNow.tv_sec - LSRtime.tv_sec;
  timeSinceLSR.tv_usec = timeNow.tv_usec - LSRtime.tv_usec;
  // The enqueued time is in units of 1/65536 seconds.
  // (Note that 65536/1000000 == 1024/15625)
  unsigned DLSR;
  if (LSR == 0) {
    DLSR = 0;
  } else {
    DLSR = (timeSinceLSR.tv_sec<<16)
         | ( (((timeSinceLSR.tv_usec<<11)+15625)/31250) & 0xFFFF);
  }
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(DLSR);
}

void RTCPInstance::addSDES() {
  // For now we support only the CNAME item; later support more #####

  // Begin by figuring out the size of the entire SDES report:
  unsigned numBytes = 4;
      // counts the SSRC, but not the header; it'll get subtracted out
  numBytes += fCNAME.totalSize(); // includes id and length
  numBytes += 1; // the special END item

  unsigned num4ByteWords = (numBytes + 3)/4;

  unsigned rtcpHdr = 0x81000000; // version 2, no padding, 1 SSRC chunk
  rtcpHdr |= (RTCP_PT_SDES<<16);
  rtcpHdr |= num4ByteWords;
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(rtcpHdr);

  if (fSource != NULL) {
    fOutBuf->enqueueWord(fSource->SSRC());
  } else if (fSink != NULL) {
    fOutBuf->enqueueWord(fSink->SSRC());
  }

  // Add the CNAME:
  fOutBuf->enqueue(fCNAME.data(), fCNAME.totalSize());

  // Add the 'END' item (i.e., a zero byte), plus any more needed to pad:
  unsigned numPaddingBytesNeeded = 4 - (fOutBuf->curPacketSize() % 4);
  unsigned char const zero = '\0';
  while (numPaddingBytesNeeded-- > 0) fOutBuf->enqueue(&zero, 1);
}

void RTCPInstance::addBYE() {
  unsigned rtcpHdr = 0x81000000; // version 2, no padding, 1 SSRC
  rtcpHdr |= (RTCP_PT_BYE<<16);
  rtcpHdr |= 1; // 2 32-bit words total (i.e., with 1 SSRC)
  fOutBuf->enqueueWord(rtcpHdr);

  if (fSource != NULL) {
    fOutBuf->enqueueWord(fSource->SSRC());
  } else if (fSink != NULL) {
    fOutBuf->enqueueWord(fSink->SSRC());
  }
}

void RTCPInstance::schedule(double nextTime) {
  fNextReportTime = nextTime;

  double secondsToDelay = nextTime - dTimeNow();
  if (secondsToDelay < 0) secondsToDelay = 0;
#ifdef DEBUG
  fprintf(stderr, "schedule(%f->%f)\n", secondsToDelay, nextTime);
#endif
  int64_t usToGo = (int64_t)(secondsToDelay * 1000000);
  nextTask() = envir().taskScheduler().scheduleDelayedTask(usToGo,
                                (TaskFunc*)RTCPInstance::onExpire, this);
}

void RTCPInstance::reschedule(double nextTime) {
  envir().taskScheduler().unscheduleDelayedTask(nextTask());
  schedule(nextTime);
}

void RTCPInstance::onExpire1() {
  // Note: fTotSessionBW is kbits per second
  double rtcpBW = 0.05*fTotSessionBW*1024/8; // -> bytes per second

  OnExpire(this, // event
           numMembers(), // members
           (fSink != NULL) ? 1 : 0, // senders
           rtcpBW, // rtcp_bw
           (fSink != NULL) ? 1 : 0, // we_sent
           &fAveRTCPSize, // ave_rtcp_size
           &fIsInitial, // initial
           dTimeNow(), // tc
           &fPrevReportTime, // tp
           &fPrevNumMembers // pmembers
           );
}


SDESItem::SDESItem(unsigned char tag, unsigned char const* value) {
  unsigned length = strlen((char const*)value);
  if (length > 0xFF) length = 0xFF; // maximum data length for a SDES item

  fData[0] = tag;
  fData[1] = (unsigned char)length;
  memmove(&fData[2], value, length);
}

unsigned SDESItem::totalSize() const {
  return 2 + (unsigned)fData[1];
}



extern "C" void Schedule(double nextTime, event e) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)e;
  if (instance == NULL) return;

  instance->schedule(nextTime);
}

extern "C" void Reschedule(double nextTime, event e) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)e;
  if (instance == NULL) return;

  instance->reschedule(nextTime);
}

extern "C" void SendRTCPReport(event e) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)e;
  if (instance == NULL) return;

  instance->sendReport();
}

extern "C" void SendBYEPacket(event e) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)e;
  if (instance == NULL) return;

  instance->sendBYE();
}

extern "C" int TypeOfEvent(event e) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)e;
  if (instance == NULL) return EVENT_UNKNOWN;

  return instance->typeOfEvent();
}

extern "C" int SentPacketSize(event e) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)e;
  if (instance == NULL) return 0;

  return instance->sentPacketSize();
}

extern "C" int PacketType(packet p) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)p;
  if (instance == NULL) return PACKET_UNKNOWN_TYPE;

  return instance->packetType();
}

extern "C" int ReceivedPacketSize(packet p) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)p;
  if (instance == NULL) return 0;

  return instance->receivedPacketSize();
}

extern "C" int NewMember(packet p) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)p;
  if (instance == NULL) return 0;

  return instance->checkNewSSRC();
}

extern "C" int NewSender(packet /*p*/) {
  return 0; // we don't yet recognize senders other than ourselves #####
}

extern "C" void AddMember(packet /*p*/) {
  // Do nothing; all of the real work was done when NewMember() was called
}

extern "C" void AddSender(packet /*p*/) {
  // we don't yet recognize senders other than ourselves #####
}

extern "C" void RemoveMember(packet p) {
  RTCPInstance* instance = (RTCPInstance*)p;
  if (instance == NULL) return;

  instance->removeLastReceivedSSRC();
}

extern "C" void RemoveSender(packet /*p*/) {
  // we don't yet recognize senders other than ourselves #####
}

extern "C" double drand30() {
  unsigned tmp = our_random()&0x3FFFFFFF; // a random 30-bit integer
  return tmp/(double)(1024*1024*1024);
}

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